Secretary of State Hillary Clinton recently called for all of the world’s nations to join together to help create an AIDS-free generation. This will be achieved when no children are born with the disease, and the preventative tools that have been developed are effective in keeping kids from becoming infected with HIV when they get older.
In order to reach this goal, the country has outlined the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). This initiative is working to promote three things that scientists have determined may be effective in reducing HIV infections. “Three key scientific interventions have been identified as pivotal: stopping mother-to-child transmission, expanding voluntary male circumcision and scaling up treatment as prevention,” according to a statement by the U.S. Department of State. While the first part of the plan is self explanatory, since keeping mothers from transmitting the disease to their child will clearly reduce HIV rates, the other two parts may be more complicated to understand.
The second initiative, increasing circumcision rates, is based on the idea that the simple procedure reduces female-to-male HIV transmission by 60 percent. Finally, treatment as prevention refers to scientific evidence which found that an effective medication regimen can lower a person’s risk of transmitting the infection to their partner by 93 percent.

